Composition: Puddled iron.

Processing: Refining in reverbatory furnace and rolling.

Etching: 60-90 s immersion in 2% nital.

Puddling involves refining of pig iron under oxidizing conditions with the aim of reducing C, Si and S contents. The final product should have a carbon concentration below 0.01% and impurities from the flux below 0.003%. The iron that comes out of the furnace has a pasty consistency.

Micrographs reveal ferrite grains and slug inclusions aligned with the rolling direction.

This iron has good corrosion resistance, is very ductile and has been used for piping, bolts, etc. Puddled iron is also known as wrought iron, 

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