Pure metals and binary alloys
This section serves as an introduction to practical metallography. The micrographs here disclosed correspond to a collection of specimens created by A.R. Bailey (1968) and commercialized by Metallurgical Services Laboratories LTD (Betchworth, Surrey, England). Prof. Dr. F.A. Calvo later translated into Spanish the book that came along with the specimens and produced another book with additional information (F.A. CALVO. Metalografía Práctica. Ed. Alhambra. Madrid, Spain, 1972). However, the collection of specimens and these books are no longer available in the market.
In this new version we offer an updated digital version of these resources with new text, micrographs and phase diagrams. The microstructures show representative features that are common in many metals. The sequence of specimens allows studying solidification structures of pure metals and single-phase alloys, eutectic and peritectic structrues, solid state transformations (precipation of secondary phases, eutectoid reactions, martensitic transformation, effects of rolling, drawing and shaping, etc.).
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Specimens |
Etchant |
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X1, X1A |
HCl dilute 50% |
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X2, X3, X4, X8, X9, X10, X11, X12, X13, X21, X22, X23, X30, X31, X32, X33, XD |
5 g FeCl3, 2 mL HCl, 95 mL C2H5OH (90º) |
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X5, X6, X7 |
10 g FeCl3, 20 mL HCl, 80 mL H2O |
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X14, X15, X16 |
1,5 mL HCl, 2,5 mL HNO3, 0,5 mL HF (48%), 95 mL H2O |
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X17, X18, X19, X20, X24, X25, X26, X27, X27A, X28, X29, X34 |
Nital: 98 mL C2H5OH (96º), 2 mL HNO3 |
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