Composition: Carbon steel (0.35%C, hypoeutectoid).

Processing: Hot-rolled. Normalized from 870ºC (air cooling).

Etching: 10-15 s immersion in 2% nital.

This is the same steel as the one in the X19 specimen, but this one has been normalized. That is, a faster cooling was applied after annealing. This results in precipitation of ferrite at lower temperatures and in a smaller amounts. Micrographs show that primary ferrite acquires an acicular morphology (without being Widmanstätten). Pearlite shows a similar morphology to the one observed for X18 specimen, which was also normalized.

Fe-Fe₃C diagram

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercpial-ShareAlike 4.0 International