Sampling and pretreatment methods of tooth enamel bioapatite for δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O in carbonate and δ¹⁸O in phosphate. Sampling and pretreatment methods for δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N analyses of bone collagen. Sampling and pretreatment methods for δ¹³C analyses of plant organic matter preserved in sediments.

 

Use of Thermo MAT253 dual-inlet isotope-ratio mass spectrometer coupled to a Kiel IV carbonate device.

 

Use of Thermo Finnigan Delta plus XP isotope ratio mass spectrometer coupled via continuous flow to high temperature conversion elemental analyzer (TCEA) and elemental analyzer (EA).

 

Sampling and pretreatment methods for radiocarbon analyses on fossil bone applying ultrafiltration protocols.

 

Sampling and pretreatment methods for protein and biomarker isolation on vertebrate and invertabrate fossils for HPLC and GC analyses.

 

Sampling and pretreatment protocol for trace element and rare Earth element analyses. Use of PlasmaQuad PQ2+ Turbo inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (ICP-MS).

 

Serial sampling protocol for stable isotope analyses on mammalian fossil and modern teeth.

 

Protocol and application of X-Ray Diffraction and Scanning Electron Microscope techniques.