The equipment for hydrothermal synthesis allows the synthesis under a maximum hydrostatic pressure of 2.5 bar and temperatures of 900 ºC in an aqueous medium. Inconel autoclaves are used for synthesis performed above the critical point of water, (from Autoclave Engineers Inc.) while stainless steel autoclaves lined with teflon and fitted with an external manometer are preferred for work below that critical point. In this case, working limits are 230 ºC and 150 bar, but a better control of the synthesis conditions is achieved. The product yield can reach 100 g.
Antonpark autoclave
Stainless steel autoclave with a teflon liner to be used in a furnace at temperatures < 230 ºC. The manometer shows the internal pressure which has to be maintained below 150 bar.
Stainless steel autoclave
Stainless steel autoclave with a teflon liner to be used in a furnace at temperatures < 230 ºC.
Inconel autoclave 1
Autoclave made of Inconel alloy to be used with sealed gold or quartz blisters containing the reactants. Pressures up to 3 Kbar and temperatures up to 900 ºC can be reached. Pressure is generated by heating pre-compressed water filling the autoclave but external to the sample.